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by author Terry Willard, ClH, PhD
In addition to its well-documented effects of protecting and rejuvenating the liver, we now know that milk thistle also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. It lowers cholesterol and arteriosclerosis, reduces metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) and insulin resistance, protects the kidneys, and reduces heavy metal toxicity. Milk thistle has been used medicinally since the fourth century BCE. Both Greek and Roman doctors utilized it to protect the liver. English herbalist Nicholas Culpeper (1616 to 1654) used milk thistle to treat liver and spleen obstruction. Milk thistle was so well known for its strong medicinal properties that early settlers brought it over to North America from its native land in Europe. It has since naturalized in North America, both growing in the wild as well as thriving under cultivation. The modern uses of milk thistle focus on commercial preparations of milk thistle extract that contain 70 percent concentration of silymarin, the active constituent in this herb. Liver protection Milk thistle extract’s immunomodulatory activity in liver disease is produced by its hepatoprotective (liver protecting) action and its increase in the activity of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), which also explains its protective effects against free radicals. In multiple studies of patients with acute viral hepatitis, silymarin shortened treatment time and showed improvement in serum levels of liver enzymes (bilirubin, alanine aminotranferease or ALT, and aspartate aminotransferase or AST). We have found that taking milk thistle along with shiitake, maitake, and coriolus mushrooms enhances milk thistle’s success in treating hepatitis and other liver complaints. Cholesterol Diabetes Anticancer Other functions Silybin may also have antiallergic activity, as shown by its effect on histamine release in humans. Researchers theorize that silybin stabilizes membranes, possibly by interfering with calcium influx. Silybin inhibition of human T-lymphocyte activation has also been reported, suggesting that the herb extract may potentially protect the liver in acute and chronic liver injury. Dosage Both human and animal studies show no chronic or acute toxicity to milk thistle, even in large doses. Milk thistle extract has been used for many health issues and is considered the medicine of choice for protecting the liver, kidney, and other capillary-rich tissues by most herbalists and naturopaths. Terry Willard, ClH, PhD, is a practitioner, teacher, and director of the Wild Rose College of Natural Healing and author of Flower Essence: Emotional Alchemy and Spiritual Evolution (Wild Rose College, 2007). Source: alive #317, March 2009 |
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