GLP-1 Medication Use and Missing Micronutrients

GLP-1 medicines, more specifically GLP-1 RAs, stand for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. They have gained popularity since the first one was approved in 2005 because of their immense metabolic benefits for those with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

GLP-1 medicines are designed to mimic the function of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is a hormone our body naturally produces and secretes from cells in our intestine.1 This hormone serves many functions in the body, such as stimulating the release of insulin (a hormone that regulates our blood sugar), increasing feelings of fullness, and improving the metabolism of glucose.1

These various functions are often impaired in those with diabetes and obesity; therefore, GLP-1 medicines are helpful for improving insulin sensitivity and weight management and for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in these populations.1 There are multiple forms of GLP-1 RAs, such as dulaglutides (e.g., Trulicity), liraglutides (e.g., Victoza), and semaglutides (e.g., Ozempic).1

In terms of side effects, GLP-1 RAs have a generally benign symptom profile that most commonly includes gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. They’re dose-dependent and often improve over time. For most people, the benefits outweigh the risks when used under proper medical supervision.

GLP-1 RAs and nutrient deficiencies

Emerging research shows a link between the use of GLP-1 RAs and nutrient deficiencies. One recent study revealed that many individuals using GLP-1 RAs did not meet the daily recommended amount for overall nutrient intake.3

A potential reason cited was the action of GLP-1 RAs on the gastrointestinal tract and appetite suppression, which creates a risk of displacing nutrient intake and can cause deficiencies in vitamins and minerals.3

While more research is needed in this area, adequate nutrition is critical to proper nutrient consumption when utilizing GLP-1 RA medicines. The good news is there are ways to plug nutritional gaps.

Importance of good nutrition

The risks of poor diet quality and inadequate protein intake are widely researched and documented. A poor diet high in saturated fats and inflammatory foods can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and levels of inflammation that drive chronic illness.3

Protein, specifically, is an important macromolecule and one of the most fundamental building blocks for the human body. Naturopathic doctor Emily Cianciolo says, “Protein serves more functions than we think: it provides us with amino acids, which help transport molecules around the body, make our enzymes and tissues, and build our neurotransmitters”.

Additionally, Cianciolo highlights the role protein plays in weight management and notes, “A high-protein diet has significant evidence of reducing fat mass while preserving muscle mass and improving overall body composition.”

Breaking down weight management

While GLP-1 medicines were first used for treating diabetes, they’re increasingly being used for weight management. Authors of recent research findings conclude that patient-centred nutritional guidance and evidence-based care are critical to implementing safe, effective, and sustainable weight-loss strategies using these medications.3

It’s important to highlight the differences between natural and synthetic weight management. Firstly, GLP-1 RA use causes a more rapid loss in weight at a rate of 14.9 percent versus 5 to 7 percent with traditional methods like diet and exercise.3 Secondly, this rapid effect on weight loss also causes an overall decrease in muscle mass that is not often seen with natural weight-loss methods.3

GLP-1 RAs remain beneficial tools for metabolic health, offering effective options for diabetics and those looking for support with weight management. Working with a healthcare practitioner who can help you navigate foundational pillars of health like nutrition and exercise while utilizing a GLP-1 RA will be protective for your overall well-being and longevity.

This article was originally published in the January 2026 issue of alive magazine.